Proceedings of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography - No 102, Vol. XLVIII
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Scientific session papers presented during prof. Wojciech Janusz jubilee, Warsaw, March 28 2001
Bogdan Ney
Prof. Wojciech Janusz – Engineer - Geodesist, Outstanding Scientist, Known Innovator
Prof. Dr. Wojciech Janusz, born in 1931 in Warsaw, graduated from the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Technical University of Warsaw, has been the research worker at the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography since 1956. His professional career lasts 50 years. He is the outstanding specialist in engineering geodesy and co-founder of Polish scientific school, concerning geodetic studies of ground, building and construction deformations. Author and co-author of 155 publications, including 32 monographs and studies, as well as three handbooks. Multi-year initiator, coordinator and participant of research and development programmes. Co-author of six patents. Professor conferring six doctor’s degrees. Prize-winner of many awards and honours, including Officer’s Cross of OOP (Order of Revival of Poland).
Roman Ciesielski
Changes of state of engineering constructions, their reasons and control measurements
Determination of edge state of constructions: edge state of capacity and possibility of usage is the basic task of scientists and engineers, who design and supervise exploitation of constructions. Civil engineering specialists use in these works knowledge and experience of the related scientific disciplines: geodesy, electronics and mechanics. Author highly appreciates these geodesists – specialists in measurements of changes of construction geometry – who analyze reason-implication relations and apply for interpretation knowledge of specialists in construction theory. All the main symptoms of appearing changes in constructions, resulting from various reasons, were presented in this work.
Author specifies factors concerning construction loading due to technology of their utilization and caused by disasters. The second group of factors includes earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruptions, floods, tropical cyclones and flooding of coastlines, hurricanes and tornados, landslides, sand storms, snow and mud avalanches, sudden thermic changes and icing. Only some above hazards can appear in Polish conditions. Author describes as effects of these phenomena changes in construction location and material losses, and determines possibilities of prevention of constructions. At next parts of the work he presents monitoring of hazards of constructions and significance of continuity of examination of construction state, as well as analyses mistakes in interpretation of measurement results. The article ends with list of the most important publications related to that topic, mainly in Polish.
Witold Prószyński
Contribution of Prof. Wojciech Janusz to improvement of methods of handling measurement results and analyses in engineering geodesy
Author describes the following problems, which were the subjects of studies and achievements of Prof. Wojciech Janusz:
- handling of measurement results in engineering constructions, which include sags as elements to be measured;
- relationship between boundary deviations in constructing and precision of ranging;
- accuracy of measurement aimed at verification of fulfilling size tolerance;
- determination of duration and frequency of periodic measurements of displacements;
- network connection with rejection of term of non-erroneous fixing points;
- methods of identification of reference system in displacement studies;
- geodetic interpretation of displacement measurement results;
- determination of planned deviations for objects with cylindrical shape.
Principles and technical solutions of innovative methodical achievements of Prof. Janusz are described in the work. Author emphasizes importance of these achievements for theory and practice of engineering geodesy.
Stefan Przewłocki
Engineering geodesy – closer to geodesy and cartography or to civil and water engineering
Author expresses an opinion, that in fact geodesy and cartography is presently the only scientific discipline in Poland, which functions at the boundaries of three domains: Earth sciences, technical sciences and economic sciences. The economic sphere appeared mainly at the last decade of 20th century, in Polish conditions due to high activities of Polish surveyors related to real estate appraisal and management. However problem expressed in the title of the article has been present since a long time. Author describes both positive and negative aspects of close overlapping of these three domains. In particular he discusses formal competencies of Faculty Councils and geodetic institutions to grant scientific titles and degrees. Author also emphasizes in this context discursive situation of geodesy chairs at non-geodetic faculties.
Lubomir W. Baran
Geodetic System of Permanent GPS Stations in Poland
Assumptions of draft project of Geodetic System of Permanent GPS Stations were presented in the work. The project defines, that between 2001 and 2005 sixty active GPS stations will be found on the territory of Poland, to be used for geodetic and cartographic service. It was assumed, that these stations will have multi-functional character and according to local needs they will be used for many different economic tasks. Technical and economic conditions for implementation of the system were formulated.
Author also discusses role of GPS system in engineering geodesy, as well as goals and planned effects of implementing this system in Poland.
Alojzy Wasilewski, Zofia Rzepecka
Application of GPS in engineering geodesy
Authors present in the work applications of Global Positioning System (GPS) for executing the following tasks conducted by engineering geodesy: marking and updating of ground control, examination of deformations of ships during launching, examination of deformation of radio-TV masts. The other examples of using GPS RTK in surveying are also given. The article is based on extensive experience gained by authors on various objects in Poland. It contains methodical and technological descriptions, as well as practical remarks resulting from this experience. It is illustrated with figures and photographs.
Jan Gocał
The selected technologies of engineering measurements based on use of electronic instruments
Author characterizes and analyses measurement technologies, based on using electronic instruments, which belong to two groups:
- computerized measurement systems;
- GPS satellite techniques
High efficiency and flexibility of instruments, as well as solution of many tasks in real time are the main advantage of first group. The last feature is particularly useful in setting and mounting mechanical devices. The following applications of instruments from first group were presented: determination of shape of crane floors, modeling of shape of radio telescope cup, service for mounting large objects and mechanical devices and inventory of coating objects.
Applications of instruments, which belong to the second category, were presented on the following examples: marking of net of reference points for compact and elongated investments, terrain ranging of objects and service of tower objects in the course of building.
Adam Żurowski
Geodetic control measurements of sea constructions
Problems related to control measurements of slipways, patent slips, wharfs, dry docks and sea drilling platforms, with particular emphasis of displacement measurements, are presented in the work.
Particular types of above mentioned objects were described briefly, exposing their specific conditions and requirements in context of geodetic control measurements. Descriptions are illustrated with drafts. Methods and techniques applied in these measurements are characterized.
Jerzy Bernasik
Present situation and perspectives of measurements of deformations
At first part author compares geodetic and photogrammetric methods in context of measurements of deformations. Next he discusses measurements and examinations of tall constructions: industrial chimneys, towers, masts and poles, sharing his wide experience, gained on over 200 objects. He describes briefly the applied techniques of measurements and formulates many recommendations, concerning rational planning of measurements, with taking into account economic terms and criteria.
Author put the special emphasis to possibilities and development of methods for examination of industrial chimneys. He emphasizes wider use in industrial photogrammetry of digital cameras (CCD), which integrate photogrammetric and geodetic techniques.
Stefan Cacoń
Problem of reliability of geodetic measurements of deformations of engineering objects in relation object – rock mass
Geodetic measurements of engineering objects and constructions are the basis for assessing their hazards. It was proved, that results of these measurements are not always fully reliable, as far as assessment of deforma-tion in cause-effect aspect is concerned. General characteristics of factors influencing reliability was presented, as well as proposal of its estimation was given. The problem was discussed on the example of two engineering objects: earth dam Nysa and strip mine Turów.
The work is illustrated with field sketches.